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Overview of Chinese dies and molds import and export in the 1st half of 2009
Issue date:07/11/2009
Chinamac Journal (CMJ) - Nov 2009 Issue
Source:Chinamac Journal
中國模具工業協會
今年上半年我國模具進出口總量為19.13億美元,相比去年下降3.53%。文中匯集從多角度出發的相關統計和分析,以期概括進出口全貌。
在國際金融危機的持續衝擊下,我國模具行業仍在困難中前行。上半年模具行業總產值、銷售額基本與去年同期持平,但價格與利潤下降,應收款增加,訂單不足,結構調整仍在繼續。

根據海關統計資料,今年上半年我國模具進出口總量為19.13億美元,其中進口總量為10.33億美元,出口總量8.80億美元。與2008年1-6月相比,進出口總量同比下降3.53%,出口總量同比增長1.38%,進口總量同比下降7.35%。下文中將切入不同視角,以觀其詳。

上半年模具行業進出口概覽
1. 按模具種類
進出口金額最高的是塑膠橡膠模具,分別占了進口、出口額的49.27%和71.50%;其次是沖壓模具,分別占了進口、出口額的44.04%和21.36%。具體如表一。

2. 按進口貨源地
進口模具主要來自日本、韓國和德國,其次是我國台灣、美國、意大利、加拿大、法國、新加坡和丹麥。具體如表二。



3. 按進口目的地
我國進口最多的省份是江蘇、廣東和天津,其次是上海、北京、吉林、福建、浙江、山東和遼寧。具體如表三。

4. 按出口貨源地
出口模具主要來自廣東、浙江和江蘇,其次為上海、山東、天津、福建、遼寧、河南和河北。具體如表四。

5. 按出口目的地
我國出口模具的市場主要是我國香港特別行政區、美國、日本,其次是德國、印度、台灣省、法國、馬來西亞、巴西和新加坡。具體如表五。



從上述數字可以看出,今年上半年我國模具進出口總量在下降,但出口在全球總需求下降的情况下仍舊逆勢而上,同比增長1.38%確實不易,從中也能看出我國模具國際競爭力的提升。

企業仍面臨困難 主要體現在出口和流動資金方面
1. 出口問題
模具出口問題值得我們關注。我國從去年8月份以來連續7次上調出口退稅率,目前在我國總計13,000多個稅號的出口商品中,已經有1971個稅號商品實現了出口全額退稅。其中,機電產品是實現出口全額退稅最多的商品,其有稅號商品中的70%都已實現了出口全額退稅。

而且,在這7次出口退稅率的上調中,共有5次涉及機電產品,累計上調稅號1043個(次)。足可見為應對國際金融危機,促進對外貿易,國家上調產品出口退稅率的範圍和力度都是空前的。以機床類產品為例,包括數控類和非數控類在內的全部15個稅號商品,均享受退稅率17%的全額退稅政策。

遺憾的是,模具作為高技術含量、高附加值的重要機電產品,其總共12個稅號中却是一個也沒能被列入上調出口退稅率的商品之列。事實上,模具出口價格按重量計算每噸平均800美元,這一數值遠高於一般機械產品,可見其附加值較高,加之其還具有耗材少、低耗能的優勢,出口效益好且相對代價小。

2. 流動資金問題
在國家現行外匯管理辦法中,有一條規定:預收款貿易項目下的提款額度為上年度收匯的25%。也即,國外用戶支付的預付款,出口企業只能使用上年度收匯中的25%。

中國模具工業協會認為此規定極不合理。理由有兩點。

其一,這對於出口比上年有成倍乃至幾倍增長的企業來說,就等於是凍結了其大量的流動資金,給企業的正常生產帶來了嚴重問題。

其二,模具產品都是按用戶特殊要求單件生產,行業慣例的付款方式為分期付款,用戶預付款為材料款,發貨後還有安裝調試,按工作進程支付款項。國內用戶的來款都可以使用,而國外用戶的來款只能使用上年的25%,這是十分不合理的。特別是在當前經濟形勢下,更給企業帶來了流動資金運籌的難題。

對此,中模協建議,國家應考慮儘快上調模具的出口退稅率,並儘快取消或放鬆國家外匯管理辦法中對企業到賬外匯使用額度的限制。鑒於模具生產周期長、應收款不斷增加的特點,國家在貸款方面給予特殊優惠政策也是衆多企業所希望的。 ■
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