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Export of auto products lacks luster
Issue date:04/11/2009
Chinamac Journal (CMJ) - Nov 2009 Issue
Source:Chinamac Journal
楊小傑
今年前8月,中國國內汽車產銷分別突破800萬輛,汽車工業增長顯著。與國內汽車市場火熱的局面相比,中國汽車產品的出口卻持續下滑,海外市場一片惨淡。
整車及零部件出口同比嚴重下滑
根據中國汽車工業協會於9月8日發佈的最新統計,今年前8月,中國汽車產銷分別為825.07萬輛和833.13萬輛,與去年同期相比分別增長了26.55%和29.18%。其中8月份,汽車產銷均超過110萬輛,比7月小幅增長,與去年同期相比的增長均超過80%。

與國內汽車市場火熱的局面相比,中國汽車的海外市場卻顯得有些冷清,甚至寒意襲人。

從去年全球性金融危機全面爆發以來,中國汽車出口遭受到嚴重打擊,出口下滑明顯。中國機電產品進出口商會汽車分會公佈的統計顯示,2008年第三季度中國汽車出口量比第二季度減少了13.6%,出口額減少6.7%,第四季度的出口下降更為嚴重。

今年的情況如何?中國汽車工業協會的最新統計顯示,2009年前8月,中國累計出口汽車整車18.66萬輛,比上年同期減少59.37%。

而汽車零部件出口方面,2009年前7月的出口總值為84.4億美元,同比大幅下降30.1%。

從表1所示的中國汽車零部件出口一覽表中可見,除行駛系統零部件的出口額與去年同期相比小幅上升8.05%之外,其他所有的汽車零部件產品均出現了出口額的大幅下滑。其中,發動機產品的降幅最大,為59.76%,出口量140.96萬台,同比下降56.64%。


另據海關統計的進出口信息,今年前7個月,全國汽車商品累計出口金額189.19億美元,同比下降35.97%。

對中國汽車出口形勢的變化,中汽協表示,由於影響出口市場的因素更多取決於國外經濟形勢的好壞,在全球經濟未能得到明顯改觀之前,汽車出口很難扭轉下滑的局面。

出口下滑“事出有因”
1. 全球性金融危機導致的需求減少
出口的下滑在很大程度上是由經濟不景氣的大環境來決定的。受全球性金融危機的影響,歐洲及美國汽車市場需求大幅降低。世界貿易量的下降,歐美消費者對汽車產品的消費理念發生了變化。先前,歐美等國家的消費者,對汽車這種商品的消費屬於超前消費。金融危機的發生,讓各金融機構收緊了銀根,嚴重影響到了依靠金融信貸消費的汽車的銷量。中國汽車的出口因此受到重創。
2. 貿易保護主義"興風作浪"
今年1月至9月再次提高汽車進口關稅。此外還有一些國家(如伊朗等)實行外匯管制,並配額管理進口汽車。如此種種,都使得國產品牌汽車進入這些市場的難度大大提高。

而針對進口中國汽車產品的不公平政策也頻頻出現。

早在2008年底和2009年初,澳大利亞和阿根廷相繼對中國的鋼制輪轂採取反傾銷行動。此外還有加拿大、歐盟對中國汽車緊固件的制裁。

而將對未來中國汽車零部件出口造成重大影響的不公平的貿易行為還包括:

① 中美輪胎特保案。美國總統奧巴馬於9月11日批准對從中國進口的所有小轎車和輕型卡車輪胎,實施懲罰性關稅,即在4%的原有關稅基礎上,在今後三年分別加徵35%、30%和25%的附加關稅;

② 歐洲車輪製造商協會(EUWA)向歐盟貿易委員會遞交對我國出口歐盟的汽車鋁車輪發起反傾銷調查的申訴書,歐委會對此已正式立案調查。而一旦裁決反傾銷成立,並正式開始實施“反傾銷”措施,中國鋁車輪行業無疑將受到沉重打擊。

3. 匯率的變化
金融危機也使很多國家的貨幣針對美元貶值,導致這些國家的進口商在進口國外汽車產品時,要比先前付出更大代價,更高的成本和更少的利潤,對汽車產品進口的不利影響在所難免。

汽車出口刺激政策或將出臺
商務部機電和科技產業司司長、國家機電產品進出口辦公室副主任張驥在近日於天津舉行的“2009中國汽車產業發展國際論壇”上指出,面對當前我國汽車零部件出口的嚴峻形勢,國家正在採取穩定出口退稅、加大融資支持等舉措。

國家將保持汽車產品出口退稅政策的穩定,堅持“徵多少,退多少”的原則,維持17%的出口退稅率不變,重點支持汽車行業出口。其他舉措還包括:加快國家汽車及零部件出口基地建設、加大對汽車出口公共服務平臺建設的支持力度、有效應對國際貿易壁壘以及支持企業自主創新等。

同時,根據《汽車產業調整和振興規劃》的要求,商務部已會同發改委、工信部等部門起草了《關於促進汽車產品出口持續健康發展的意見》,從產品研發、公共信息服務、信用保險等方面提出了相關政策措施。目前,初稿已經制訂完成,商務部正在徵求各方意見,有望在今年下半年出臺。 ■
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