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Application of digital measuring devices in large-size aeroplane manufacturing
Issue date:04/11/2009
Chinamac Journal (CMJ) - Nov 2009 Issue
Source:Chinamac Journal
思汀
測量滲透在飛機制造中的各個環節,涉及工裝上定位面和形位公差的檢測、飛機結構件的理論外形檢測、空間結構尺寸和精度孔位以及超大型結構件的平面結構尺寸檢測等等。法如(Faro),作為波音、空客、洛克馬丁、美國航空航天局(NASA)等知名公司的一級精密儀器供應商,在這方面有不少成熟經驗值得借鑒。
CMJ:我們了解到,法如全系列的測量產品均可為航空製造領域提供精度支持。很想知道,在服務於航空製造方面,有什麽特別的工藝經驗可以和我們分享?
法如:我們一直致力於提供可兼容性的整體解決方案,將業內精度最高的激光跟蹤儀和最為靈活精準的節臂測量機相連接,使之協同工作。對大型航空器來說,用戶能夠在同一軟件平台中使用法如激光跟蹤儀和測量臂。

法如全系列的測量產品均可服務於航空製造領域

在國外的商用飛機製造行業中,常使用一台大的激光跟蹤儀測量大型曲面零部件,對於一些小的零部件則採用一台測量臂來滿足無死角的測量需求。而憑借我們在軟件上的互通性,更能實現製造過程中的精準測量。

設想一下,光學測量儀器通過光學處理的數據可直接傳送給計算機處理,這樣一來,基於同一人機交互平台的系統能夠在同一軟件環境下、使用多種儀器來實現協同工作,對工件的全方位測量也就“盡在掌握”了。

CMJ:是的,我想數字化測量儀器已發展成為飛機製造領域中最主流的測量手段,新技術和新產品也應運而生。
法如:說起最新技術,比如專有的絕對測距儀模塊(ADM)—在這種模式下,當激光光束被中斷後,操作人員無需重新復位到基準位置,一旦SMR(球形固定反射器)斷光續接後,跟蹤儀即可進行測量工作。

這項技術特別適合航空製造領域中大型零件和機械的精確測量,具有測量範圍大、精度高的特點,並且十分堅固耐用,相當適合工廠環境。

具體看我們測量儀器的硬件,激光跟蹤儀和測量臂均採用了當今最先進的元器件,激光跟蹤儀系列(Laser Tracker)運用激光技術,實現大空間範圍內的精準測量。

啟動跟蹤儀後,機器主體部分發射出兩束重合的激光光束—其中一束為人眼可見紅光,一束為不可見紅外光。

操作人員手持SMR在被測物體表面移動時,激光束也会追隨SMR同步移動,記錄下其相對於機器移動的距離和角度,並判斷物體的形狀和尺寸,跟蹤儀通過測量兩個角度和一個徑向距離來確定被測物體的坐標值,從而實現測量功能。

CMJ:說起法如,業界好像了解得比較廣泛的是便攜式測量臂。
法如:沒錯,便攜式測量臂是我們在全球最為暢銷的產品,它採用了針對廠家的規格進行設計和製作的反射式光學編碼器。

而且,因為它們一般外型較小,可以進一步減低能耗,從而幫助整體效率的提升。啟動這款測量臂,操作員必須進行“定位”或零設置以確定開始測量時的參考點,而測量過程中,便攜式激光測量臂的編碼器向計算機發送位置信息,由後者運用三角學規則計算出被測點的空間位置。

我覺得這款產品的暢銷得益於其使用相當方便快捷,在規定的測量範圍內,測頭可以沿着任意方面運動,測量無死角。於是,用戶能夠方便地將其移動到生產線上,自由測量任何複雜的工件,輕松勝任那些傳統三坐標測量機難以完成的任務。

值得一提的是,軟件方面,我們是唯一一家有實力既生產硬件又能開發測量軟件的高科技公司,不會發生因採用第三方軟件而出現的軟硬件不匹配等問題,客戶也無需擔憂支付軟件升級費用等問題。

CMJ:回到航空領域應用這一主題,現在中國的大飛機製造項目,對貴公司來說應該提供了很大的機遇?
法如:我們非常希望看到中國航空航天行業乃至中國的製造產業進入新一輪飛躍,在此過程中,相信法如極具優勢的高科技產品也一定會獲得更為廣泛的應用。

一般而言,大型工業產品的品質取決於工藝的好壞,而測量產品對於確保工藝水平的重要性不言而喻。現在,利用新一代光學技術的激光測量產品—先進的激光跟蹤儀和便攜式的測量臂關節臂已成為大勢所趨,取代了原來的經緯儀在檢測領域中佔據的主導地位。

新一代光學測量儀器技術在航空航天業的應用正不斷得以拓展

在航空製造領域中,這種高尖端檢測儀器在大型民用飛機的總裝外型檢查及飛機結構部件的測量方面,起到了相當關鍵的作用。隨着計算機應用技術的日新月異,新一代光學測量儀器技術在航空航天業的應用還會進一步得到深入拓展。目前我國蓬勃發展的航空航天業,大飛機項目,普及先進的光學測量技術是無法阻擋的潮流,而光學測量儀器的功能能更多地在這一領域“施展拳腳”,也必然會有利於製造業水平的全面提升。

CMJ:最後想請教,您怎樣看待測量產品的未來發展趨勢?法如做了哪些前瞻性的研發工作?
法如:國際上,光學測量機器正逐步取代傳統式的三坐標測量機器。光學測量儀是與近幾年飛速發展的計算機的點云數據處理相結合的技術,其價格適中且應用領域廣泛,在測量領域中已具有主導地位,發展前景值得期待。

我們可以驕傲地說,法如創新的光學測量技術開創的是測量技術的里程碑,我們渴望為中國的製造業做出重要貢獻。 ■
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