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Grasp the new opportunity raised by railway industry
Issue date:15/09/2009
Chinamac Journal (CMJ) - Sep 2009 Issue
Source:Chinamac Journal
本刊編輯 段慶生
北京二七軌道交通裝備有限公司(原北京二七機車廠,以下簡稱“二七”)是北車集團旗下一家專業的機車製造公司。面對中國鐵路行業高速發展的新機遇,二七積極投入了新型電力機車的技術改造,與此同時,大型鐵路養護機車和路軌打磨機車的技術改造項目也進行得如火如荼。本刊近期採訪了北京二七軌道交通裝備有限公司技術改造辦公室項目主管工程師楊長勝先生。
當前鐵路系統的發展趨勢是高速高效化,隨著機車在性能、結構上的飛速發展,必會對機床提出更新的要求。
當前鐵路系統的發展趨勢是高速高效化,隨著機車在性能、結構上的飛速發展,必會對機床提出更新的要求。
CMJ:二七機車廠已有100多年歷史,在中國鐵路行業發展過程中發揮了重要作用,請您概要介紹一下二七技術的發展。
楊長勝:二七成立之初的主要業務是機車修理。1958年6月製造出中國首台蒸汽機車,同年9月試製出中國第一台電傳動建設型600馬力內燃機車。1970年和1971年分別試製出客、貨運兩種大功率內燃機車。

1975年,二七結束了單純修理機車的歷史,正式轉產內燃機車,開創了中國旅客列車牽引內燃機化的先河。如今,我們製造的內燃機車不但遍及中國各地,還批量出口古巴、越南、剛果(布)、安哥拉等國家和地區。

2006年,在鐵道部和中國北車集團公司領導下,二七積極參與鐵路技術引進,開展了新一輪大規模技術改造,生產製造出具有國際先進水平的和諧III型大功率交流傳動電力機車。自2008年起,構建起以大功率交流傳動電力機車、大型養路機車、內燃機車系列為支撐的多元產品格局。

北京二七軌道交通裝備有限公司技術改造辦公室項目主管工程師楊長勝

CMJ:鐵路電氣化是大勢所趨。二七電力機車技改項目主要引進了哪些機械設備?設備選購過程中主要有哪些考慮?
楊長勝:二七電力機車技改項目2006年開始實施,2007年試製,2008年完成30多台電力機車。

說起電力機車專項整體採購的設備,包括這樣幾大類:測試、組裝設備;車體塗裝設備;備料、切割、下料設備;檢驗檢測設備——零部件、機床精度、電器檢驗檢測等;轉向架技術改造,主要為車輪和車體中心;鋼結構,焊接設備;廠房、動力能源供應等幾部分,項目總貸款達4.8億元人民幣。

這個項目中我主要負責備料環節。當然,我們使用了一部分原有設備,主要包括切割下料,金屬切割加工等設備;一部分採用原西班牙貸款採購的設備,如打彎、鍛壓、沖切等;新採購的設備有等離子火焰切割機、SMD 轉塔衝床、鐳射切割等,都選用了全球最先進的設備。

設備採購過程中,首先考慮要滿足加工性能與技術先進性,同時,設備的可靠性與長期穩定性也非常關鍵。

例如,我們這一專項的鐳射切割設備選用了2台瑞士百超的原廠設備。為採購設備,我們考察了多家企業,包括日本、瑞士、德國等國的領先性鐳射切割設備供應商。通過綜合比較評價,最終選擇了百超。決定性因素在於其採用的跟蹤飛行光路技術以及鐳射發生器的性能優越。當然,鐵路行業其他客戶對百超產品與服務的口碑也是非常重要的因素之一。

CMJ:您長年在機械加工行業工作,您如何看機床技術的發展?
楊長勝:我參加工作之初做的就是氣割,如今則引進鐳射氣割、等離子切割等全球最先進的技術,回想過去幾十年來,對新技術的飛速發展真的感慨良多。

還記得90年代初進行內燃機車改造時,很難買到高端機床,有時要耗時4~5年才能到手。如今大不相同,專項的實施進度也很快,這都與國內外機床技術的高速發展密不可分。我認為,當前鐵路系統的發展趨勢是高速高效化,隨著機車在性能、結構上的飛速發展,必會對機床提出更新的要求。

目前,電力機車已被二七列入鐵路行業重點發展課題。我們會緊抓軌道交通發展的大機遇,大力開拓電力機車技術與市場。同時,隨著大型鐵路養護機車技術的改造逐步完成,我相信,新的產品系列定能成為二七新的發展點。
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